OPA

Appointment of Willard W. Beatty, executive vice president of the Save the Children Federation of Norwalk, Connecticut, as a member of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board of the Department of the Interior, was announced today by Assistant Secretary Roger Ernst.

Dr. Beatty was appointed to fill the unexpired term of James W. Young, Pena Blanca, New Mexico, who recently resigned. The term expires July 6, 1960.

A native of Berkeley, Calif., Dr. Beatty has had extensive experience with American Indian people. From 1936 to 1951 he was Director of Education for the Bureau of Indian Affairs. During this same period he also served as a member of the Indian Arts and Crafts Board in the first year of its existence, 1936-37, and again from 1943 to 1951.

Before joining the Bureau of Indian Affairs, he was supervisor of teaching at San Francisco State Teachers College from 1914 to 1920, assistant superintendent of schools at Winnetka, Ill., from 1920 to 1926, and superintendent of schools at Bronxville, N. Y., from 1926 to 1936. After leaving the Bureau in 1951, he served for two years as deputy director of the Department of Education of UNESCO with headquarters in Paris and for four years as educational consultant with the architectural firm of Perkins and Will at White Plains, N. Y. In 1958 he joined the Save the Children Federation as associate program director and more recently was appointed executive vice president.

He has a bachelor of science degree in architecture and a master of arts in education from the University of California and also did graduate work at the University of Chicago and at Teachers College of Columbia University. In 1937 he was awarded an honorary degree of doctor of education by Reed College in Portland, Oregon.

Assistant Secretary Ernst also announced that Vincent Price, the well-known actor who has been serving as a member of Indian Arts and Crafts Board since 1957, has been reappointed for an additional term expiring on July 6, 1963.

The Indian Arts and Crafts Board was established in the Department of the Interior under provisions of the Act of August 27, 1935. Its principal functions are to encourage the production of indigenous arts and crafts by Indians and to help in the effective marketing of such products.

Secretary of the Interior Fred A. Seaton, to assure continued conservation management of the 750,000 -acres Klamath Indian Forest in Oregon and thus protect one of the Nation’s most valuable ponderosa pine stands from the threat of destruction, has asked Congress to amend the 1954 Act which now provides for an end of Federal Trusteeship of the Klamath Reservation by August 1960.

Part of the forest must be sold to pay members who withdraw from the tribe. would Under the amendment proposed by Secretary Seaton, that part of the forest would first be offered for sale on a competitive market at not less than its “appraised realization value,” and purchasers would have to agree to sustained yield management.

The "appraised realization value” is defined in the proposed amendment as the "fair market value if as much as 70 percent of the forest were offered for sale" in the near future without limitations on use. If it cannot be sold on this basis, then it would be purchased by the Federal Government for its appraised realization value and dedicated to use as a national forest.

In either event, Secretary Seaton said, the tribal marshlands on the reservation, comprising not mere than 15,689 acres, would be purchased from the Indians and operated as a national wildlife refuge. This portion of the Klamath tribal property has been described as one of the most important waterfowl breeding and feeding places in the Nation currently outside the national wildlife refuge system. The tribal marshlands are a key unit of the Pacific flyway.

Under the 1954 Klamath Termination Act an appraisal of the tribal forest, marsh lands and other assets is now nearing completion. Once the Secretary has approved the appraisal, individual tribal members are given the option under the law of withdrawing their proportionate share of the tribal assets in cash 01' of I remaining in the trine and sharing in the benefits of continued administration of the tribal estate.

Secretary Seaton said his recommendation for amendment was prompted primarily by a deep concern for preservation of the values which the Klamath Forest has for the economy and welfare of the whole basin and by a recognition of the fact that these values are seriously endangered under present provisions of the law.

He said that “If it is kept intact through continued management according to conservation principles of sustained yield, the forest will remain a perpetually productive source of ponderosa pine and other commercial timber. Such management would also insure continuation of its important function as a watershed. The large numbers of migratory waterfowl for which it now provides nesting and feeding grounds would be protected, as would the deer and other species of wild animals that now find sanctuary "Within its boundaries. Further development of the forest’s recreational potential will be made possible.

“If sustained yield management is abandoned and the forest is broken up and disposed of in small individual tracts, all these values soon may be lost," the Secretary said.

He said the likelihood of such dissipation of the forest is a matter for genuine concern.

"The essence of the Termination Act is that the Klamath Indians shall be freed of all Federal restraints applicable to them because of their Indian origin, and that they shall be placed in the same status as all other citizens, subject to no special restrictions or rights," he wrote. But he pointed out that "certain individuals may not be qualified to handle a large capital asset with reasonable prudence" and thus would need protection of the Secretary to safeguard their interests. Such safeguards would be accomplished by arranging for appointment of guardians through the State courts, or by such other means as the Secretary would find adequate.

Secretary Seaton said that inasmuch as existing Federal and State laws do not require the owners of large forests to maintain them intact and manage them in the interests of public conservation, the Klamath Indians should not be subject to any such restrictions when the Federal Trust is terminated.

He said that consequently, Federal acquisition of the forest is recommended if the forest cannot be sold to private purchasers who would agree to follow sustained yield management.

The full text of Secretary Seaton’s recommendation is attached.

Dear Mr. President:

Enclosed herewith is a draft of a proposed bill "To amend the Act terminating Federal supervision over the Klamath Indian Tribe by providing in the alternative for private or Federal acquisition of the part of the tribal forest that must be sold, and for other purposes."

We recommend that the proposed bill be referred to the appropriate Committee for consideration; and we recommend that the bill be enacted.

The purpose of the bill is to assure the continued sustained yield management of the part of the Klamath Indian Forest that must be sold in order to pay the members who withdrew from the tribe, and at the same time make certain that the Indians receive the fair market value of the part of the forest that is sold.

Congress has determined by the Termination Act of August 13, 1954 (68 Stat. 718), that a continuation of the Federal trust over the property of the Klamath Indians would not be in the best interest of the Indians. The essence of the Termination Act is that the Klamath Indians shall be freed all Federal restraints applicable to them because of their Indian origin, and that they shall be placed in the same status as all other citizens, subject to no special restrictions or rights. As would be the case in any group, however, certain individuals may not be qualified to handle a large capital asset with reasonable prudence, and the 1954 statute requires the Secretary of the Interior to safeguard the interests of these individuals, before terminating the Federal trust, by arranging for the appointment of guardians through the State courts or by such other means as he deems adequate, which could include the establishment of individual private trusts for them.

Another basic feature of the Termination Act is the provision that each member of the tribe shall be given an opportunity to withdraw from the tribe and have his interest in the tribal property converted into money and paid to him. Those members who remain in the tribe will participate in a tribal management plan for the residual tribal assets.

The need for further legislation arises from the fact that a large percentage of the members of the tribe is expected to withdraw from the tribe, which will require a large part of the forest to be sold in order to pay the withdrawing members their proportionate share of the tribal assets. If such sales are made under the present law a large part of the forest will not be continued under sustained yield management.

The conservation of this timber resource is of primary importance to the economy of the area and to the welfare of the public generally. In recognition of this fact, Congress has deferred any sales of tribal forest lands until after the end of the second session of the 85th Congress in order that further legislation may be considered.

The manner in which the Klamath Indian Forest is managed in the future will have a vital impact on the life and economy of the entire Klamath River Basin. If it is kept intact and managed according to sustained yield principles, the forest will remain a perpetually productive source of ponderosa pine and other commercial species. Such management will also assure continuation of its important function as a watershed. The large numbers of migratory waterfowl for which it now provides nesting and feeding grounds will be protected, as will the deer and other species of wild animals that now find sanctuary within its boundaries. Further development of the forest's recreational potential will also be made possible.

If sustained yield management is abandoned and the forest is broken up and disposed of in small individual tracts, all these values soon may be lost.

The likelihood of the forest's being dissipated in this fashion is a matter for genuine concern.

The tremendously disruptive influence that rapid cutting of the Klamath forest would have on the economy of the area is not difficult to contemplate when it is realized that 40 percent of the area's economy is based on timber production, and that the Indian timber includes about 26 percent of the total commercial forest area and 26 percent of the saw timber volume in Klamath County.

Other values of the forest, while less tangible than timber, are of significant importance and must be considered in the public interest.

In the fall, waterfowl by the millions, following the Pacific Flyway, pour into the Upper Klamath Basin to rest and feed before continuing southward to their wintering grounds. The marsh on the Klamath Reservation is the most important marsh to waterfowl that is left unprotected in the nation. This nesting area has been one of the mainstays in keeping up the supply of redheads, canvasbacks, and ruddy ducks in the Pacific Flyway Deer and other wild creatures also find year-round habitat in the forest.

The influence which the Klamath Reservation forest has in reducing flood crests and stabilizing the flow of streams throughout the year as a contributing reason for preventing the timber from being cut to the minimum specifications of the State law. Approximately 303,000 acres of irrigated farmlands are dependent on streams that head on the forest slopes of the Klamath Basin.

The maximum development of water power on the Klamath River cannot be realized without the protection of its headwaters. A large part of the extensive water resource of the Klamath Basin originates in the many large springs found on reservation lands. Rapid cutting of the Klamath Reservation forest well might jeopardize the farm production and the water power developments dependent on the watershed protection provided by this forest.

Furthermore, denuding this area of its forest cover would destroy its scenic and recreational appeal, and the slash left from hurry-up logging operations would tend to increase the fire hazard.

When it is considered that this 745,280-acre tribally owned forest area, described as one of the finest of its type, now is contributing so vitally to the general welfare of the Klamath River Basin and to the Nation it must be concluded that any action that would in the long run diminish or eliminate those benefits should be avoided.

This Department believes that only through sustained yield management of the forest can its timber, water, wildlife, and recreational resources be maintained. It is generally conceded that much of the area will not be continued under sustained yield management if it is sold under the present law.

Federal acquisition of the part of the forest that must be sold, and payment to the Indians of the full amount they could expect to receive if the forest lands were sold under the present Termination Act, would accomplish the conversation objective without infringing the rights of the Indians. Before authorizing Federal acquisition, however, we believe that private industry should be given an opportunity to acquire the land, at the same price, subject to an enforceable contractual agreement to follow sustained yield management practices.

There are two major difficulties to this approach. One is that Federal enforcement of a sustained yield agreement will present administrative problems. These will be minimized if the lands that are to be sold are offered for sale in a comparatively small number of units, for example, 10 to 15, containing relatively large acreages. The other is the possibility that private industry may not be willing to pay the full market value of the land if it is subjected to a sustained yield requirement. This fact can be ascertained only by making the offer. If private industry is not willing to purchase under these circumstances, then this Department recommends Federal purchase of the lands.

If the forest lands can not be sold to private industry under the plan proposed, Federal acquisition would be in accord with the conservation program vigorously pursued by President Theodore Roosevelt a half century ago. In his annual message to Congress dated December 3, 1901, as quoted in 103 Congressional Record 1257, he said:

"The forest reserves will inevitably be of still greater use in the future than in the past. Additions should be made to them whenever practicable, and their usefulness should be increased by a thoroughly businesslike management."

In a letter dated August 24, 1906, as quoted in 103 Congressional Record 1258, to Gifford Pinchot, President Roosevelt said:

"The forest policy of the administration * ** is based * * * on the vigorous purpose to make every resource of the forest reserves contribute in the highest degree to the permanent prosperity of the people who depend upon them. If ever the time should come when the western forests are destroyed, there will disappear with them the prosperity of' the stockman, the miner, the lumberman and the railroads, and most important of all, the small ranchman who cultivates his own land. I know that you are with me in the intention to preserve the timber, the water, and the grass by using them fully, but wisely and conservatively. We propose to do this through the freest [sic] and most cordial cooperation between the Government and every man who is in sympathy with the policy, * * *."

The bill which we recommend can be summarized as follows:

1. The Secretary of' the Interior and the Secretary of Agriculture will jointly define the boundaries of the tribal forest and the tribal marsh.

2. The Indians who elect to stay in the tribe will keep the part of the forest that is allocated to them, and that part will be subject to management in accordance with a plan that is satisfactory both to the Indians and to the Secretary. This is provided for by the present law. The proposed management plan provides for sustained yield management.

3. The rest of the forest that must be sold on behalf of the withdrawing members will be offered in appropriate units for private purchase

(a) at not less than the appraised realization value,

(b) subject to sustained yield requirements that are enforceable by a forfeiture and reversion of title in the event of a violation of the requirements. Enforcement could also be obtained by injunction in appropriate cases.

Realization value is the amount for which the lands could be sold on the open market prior to the termination date, without limitation on use, if as much as 70 percent of the forest were offered for sale. If 70 percent of the Indians elect to withdraw, that is the maximum amount they could expect to receive under the present law. The Indians cannot be required to take less.

4. The Secretary of Agriculture will purchase at the realization value any of the forest units not purchased by private industry that are suitable for national forest administration. Any units that are not purchased by private industry or by the Secretary of Agriculture will be sold by the Secretary of the Interior under the Termination Act. Any purchase by the Secretary of Agriculture will occur on or about January 1, 1960, which should permit the termination program to be completed by August 13, 1960, as required by present law.

5. If any of the forest lands retained by the tribe are later offered for sale, the Secretary of Agriculture must be given the right of first refusal, and he is authorized to buy them for addition to the National Forest system.

6. The Secretary of the Interior will buy the marsh at its realization value, effective January 1, 1960, and it will become a National Wildlife Refuge.

7. Any Klamath Indian who is occupying a home site on forest land acquired by the Secretary of Agriculture will be entitled to continue to occupy a reasonable acreage of the home site under regulations of the Secretary of Agriculture.

8. If lands acquired by the Secretary of Agriculture are subject to an outstanding timber sales contract, the Secretary of Agriculture will be responsible for administering the contract.

9. Any tribal lands that are sold, both forested and non-forested lands, will be sold subject to the right of the United states and its assigns to use any roads thereon. This provision is designed to assure adequate access to national forest lands and to any other lands that may be sold subject to sustained yield management requirements enforceable by the Secretary of Agriculture.

10. If the members who elect to remain in the tribe and the Secretary of the Interior fail to agree upon a management· plan for the residual tribal assets, the Secretary is authorized to adopt a management plan. This provision remedies a hiatus that exists in the present law.

11. The present requirement that funds payable to withdrawing members be distributed as each $200,000 accumulates is repealed because it will tend to cause a dissipation of the funds and to interfere with the establishment of guardianships and trusts for the Indians who need assistance.

12. The present preference right of any Klamath Indian to buy tribal lands that are offered for sale is clarified by spelling out the precise manner in which a withdrawing Indian may apply toward the purchase price the amounts due him as a withdrawing member. The present law is not clear in this respect.

We are not able to estimate at the present time the amount of the Federal appropriation that may be necessary to carry out the provisions of the bill. The amount will depend upon the number of members who elect to withdraw from the tribe, and upon the willingness of private industry to purchase tribal forest lands at their realization value and subject to sustained yield management requirements. Any Federal funds required will need to be appropriated in fiscal year 1960. Such expenditure is not expected to require the employment of any additional employees by this Department.

The Secretary of Agriculture concurs in our recommendation that the enclosed bill be enacted.

The Bureau of the Budget has advised us that there is no objection to the submission of this report.

Sincerely yours,

The Department of the Interior today announced its support of legislation that would transfer to the Citizen and of Potawatomi Indians of Oklahoma about 58 acres of federally owned land near Shawnee, Oklahoma.

In a report on H. R. 7990, Assistant Secretary Roger Ernst pointed out that the land was originally part of a large area ceded to the Federal Government in the 1890’s by the Citizen Potawatomi and the Absentee Shawnees. Subsequently it is used as the site for a Bureau of Indian Affairs school farm. It has not, however, been used for this purpose for many years.

The value of the tract is estimated at $250 to $275 per acre or $14,250 to $15,675. The Department recommended increasing the 57 acres provided in the bill to 58 acres, so as to give the Indians an adjoining strip.

The Indians propose to use the property as the site for a Potawatomi Community House which would be moved from other federally owned land. Part of the land would also be leased to provide income for improvement and maintenance of the community house.

The bill "provides that the community house would be available not only for the Citizen Band of Potawatomi but also for members of four other Oklahoma tribal groups--the Absentee Shawnee, the Sac and Fox, the Kickapoo, and the Iowa, In its report the Department expressed no opinion on whether the land should transferred to the tribal group in trust or unrestricted status.

Walwyn S. Watkins, superintendent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs boarding school at Wrangell, Alaska, has been named the new superintendent of the Bureau’s Fort Belknap Agency at Harlem, Montana, effective May 28, the Department of the Interior announced today.

He succeeds Howard S. Dushane, who transferred last February as superintendent of the Cheyenne River Agency at Eagle Butte, S. Dak.

Mr. Watkins first joined the Bureau in 1940 as a teacher and department head of the Indian school at Carson City, Nevada. Two years later he enlisted in the Navy and served for three years during World War II. Returning to the Bureau in 1945, he had two years of service as principal and teacher in a day school on the Pima Reservation in Arizona. In 1947 he transferred to the post of principal of a day school on the Colorado River Reservation in Arizona and two years later was put in charge of all schools on that reservation. He moved to the Wrangell Institute as principal in 1951 and five years later was promoted to his present position as superintendent.

Born at Bayshore, Michigan, in 1903, Mr. Watkins is a graduate of the University of Nebraska and holds a masters degree from Colorado Teachers' College at Greeley. Before coming with the Bureau he had 12 years of experience in the public schools of Nebraska.

Promotion of Martin N. B. Holm to the position of Area Director at Aberdeen, South Dakota, in charge of Indian Bureau operations in North Dakota, South Dakota and Nebraska was announced today by the Department of the Interior.

Mr. Holm has been serving as Assistant Area Director in charge of community services at the Bureau's area office in Portland, Oregon since 1954. He will take over his new duties at Aberdeen around May 21, succeeding Benjamin Reifel who resigned March 11.

Prior to 1954 Mr. Holm's service with the Bureau had been wholly in the field of education. He first carne with the Bureau in 1940 as an elementary school teacher on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. From 1946 to 1951 he served in positions of steadily increasing responsibility on the Pima Reservation in Arizona, on the Jicarilla Apache Reservation in New Mexico, and in the area office at Juneau, Alaska.

In 1951 he was named superintendent of the 600-pupil Indian boarding school at Chemawa, Oregon, and one year later was promoted to be area director of schools at the Portland office. He served in this latter post for two years before his appointment as assistant area director.

Born at Denver, Colorado, in 1910, Mr. Holm holds both a bachelor’s and a master's degree from the Colorado State College of Education. He served over two years with the Army during World War II and had eight years of public school teaching experience in Colorado before joining the Bureau.

The Department of the Interior today announced its support of legislation that would give the Nez Perce Indian Tribe of Idaho beneficial ownership of about 1,700 acres on the Nez Perce Reservation subject to the right of the United States to use the land for agency, school or administrative purposes.

The Tribe has indicated that it intends to use a substantial portion of the land for the development of an "Indian village" as a tourist attraction.

In a report on S. 2711, a bill that would declare the land to be held in trust by the United States for the Tribe, the Department expressed its support of the tribal development plan and pointed out that the project will provide jobs for some of the older tribal members who are currently unemployable.

After completion of the Indian village, camping grounds and other tourist facilities would be added later. With the completion of the Lewis and Clark Highway, the site will be only three miles from a major intersection of interstate highways and readily accessible to tourists.

The land that would be affected by S. 2711 has been the subject of litigation brought by the Nez Perce Tribe against the United States. Originally the lands were in tribal ownership but the Department contends that they were ceded to the United States under terms of an 1893 agreement. The tribe, on the other hand, has maintained that this particular acreage was exempted from the agreement and has always been in tribal ownership.

In 1955 the Tribe sought an injunction to prevent the Secretary of the Interior from conveying 19 acres of this land to a local school district. The U. S. District Court for the District of Columbia dismissed the complaint on the ground that the suit was in substance one against the United States and that the United States had not consented to be sued. The Court of Appeals affirmed on the same ground but pointed out that the opposing claims of the Tribe and the United States on the merits were "highly debatable." The Tribe's petition for a writ of certiorari was subsequently denied by the Supreme Court.

The Department of the Interior announced today that it is withdrawing a proposal submitted to Congress on March 4, 1960, for the enactment of legislation that would end Federal trusteeship and supervision over the property of the Lower Elwha Band of Indians in Clallam County, Washington.

The Department’s proposal has been introduced as H. R. 11104.

In a letter to Chairman Wayne N. Aspinall of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Under Secretary Elmer F. Bennett explained that the Departments proposal was submitted to Congress in early March after the Lower Elwha tribal council passed a resolution actively supporting and endorsing such legislation.

“When the bill was scheduled for hearing before the Indian Affairs Subcommittee on April 4, 1960,” Mr. Bennett added, “we learned for the first time that some of the Indians may have changed their minds. We have since received a copy of the minutes of a special tribal meeting held on March 29, 1960, at which by a vote of 12 to 0 the Indians withdrew their support of the bill.

“Although the Indians may have acted under a mistaken belief about some of the facts, their present wishes are clear. Under these circumstances, the Department withdraws its recommendation that the legislation be enacted. “

The bill would affect a reservation of 372 acres in Clallam County near Port Angeles. The Lower Elwha Band has about 80 members.

Under Secretary Bennett also pointed out that a question of the same kind has arisen about the wishes of the Shoalwater Bay Indians of western Washington concerning H, R. 11098, a similar bill affecting their property which was likewise based on a proposal submitted by the Department. In this case, Mr. Bennett said, the Department is still investigating the facts and will report further to Congress when the investigation is completed.

The Department of the Interior has recommended enactment of S. 3198, a bill which would permit leasing of Indian lands on all reservations for terms up to a maximum of 99 years, Assistant Secretary Roger Ernst announced today.

Such authority was provided for lands of the Palm Springs Reservation in California by legislation which Congress enacted last year, Mr. Ernst pointed out, and similar bills are pending in Congress which would affect lands of the Navajo Tribe, the Seminoles of Florida and the Torres-Martinez Indians of California.

Under present law, leasing of lands on reservations except for Palm Springs is limited to 25 years with an option to renew for an additional 25-year period.

“There is no reason," Mr. Ernst said, “why the authority should be granted to one tribe and denied to another. All tribes should have the authority available for use when it is needed.”

Mr. Ernst explained that difficult problems arise under present laws limiting leases to the equivalent of a 50-year period. By the time the lessee obtains financial backing, the lease has less than 50 years to run, and the Federal Reserve Act and the National Housing Act require a minimum of 50-year leases before approving loans secured by lease holdings.

Two changes in the Federal regulations governing the preparation of an up-to-date membership roll for the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina were announced today by the Department of the Interior.

Both modifications were recommended by the tribal council of the Eastern Cherokee Band to clarify the intent of the regulations which have been in effect since January 1959.

One of the changes relates to the residence requirements for enrollment. The former language of the regulations stated merely that an applicant, to be eligible, must "have actually lived at some time during the period from June 4, 1924, to August 21, 1957, on the lands of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians in the counties of Swain, Jackson, Graham, Cherokee, and Haywood in North Carolina ... " Under the amendment this has been interpreted to mean that either the applicants themselves or their parents must "have maintained and dwelt in a home" on the reservation at some time during the specified period.

The other amendment deals with the deadline date for filing applications for enrollment. Under the tribal program that has been worked out, the general deadline for such applications was established as November 12, 1959. An exception was made in the regulations, however, for persons in the armed forces of the United States, under the rules they are permitted to file their applications within 120 days of the date of discharge. The amendment which has now been adopted makes it clear that not only the persons in military service but the members of their immediate families living with them away from the reservation are to come within the scope of this exception.

Both changes will affect a number of people of Eastern Cherokee blood living in various parts of the country.

Resignation of Benjamin Reifel as area director of the Bureau of Indian Affairs at Aberdeen, South Dakota, was announced today by the Department of the Interior.

Mr. Reifel, who has been serving as area director at Aberdeen since 1955, submitted his resignation for personal reasons. It was effective March 11 Robert Bennett, program officer at the Aberdeen office; was designated acting area director pending appointment of a successor.

Born on the Pine Ridge Reservation of South Dakota in 1906 of German and Sioux Indian parentage, Mr. Reifel has been associated with the Bureau of Indian Affairs since 1933. After graduating from South Dakota State College at Brookings in 1932, he was appointed the following year as farm agent at the Pine Ridge Agency. From 1935 to 1942 he served as organization field agent, helping Indian tribes to form tribal or business councils under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.

After four and a half years of military service, he returned to the Bureau in 1946 as tribal relations officer at Billings, Mont. In 1949 he took three years leave of absence for graduate study at Harvard University and was awarded the degree of doctor of philosophy in public administration in 1952. Following a brief tour of duty in the Bureau’s Washington Office, he was named late in 1952 as superintendent of the Fort Berthold Agency, then located at Elbowwoods, North Dakota. Two years later he was transferred to the post of superintendent at Pine Ridge Agency and in 1955 he was appointed as Area Director at Aberdeen in charge of all Bureau operations in North Dakota, South Dakota, and Nebraska.