OPA

WASHINGTON – Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs Tara Mac Lean Sweeney announced today that the Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development (IEED) has awarded business development grants totaling $400,000 to 12 federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native tribes.

The awards from IEED’s Native American Business Development Institute (NABDI) Feasibility Study Program will enable tribal leaders to better evaluate and identify viable economic opportunities for their communities.

"These grants are an important tool for tribal leaders to use in scoping out or planning how to develop their tribes’ economic assets to benefit their communities,” Sweeney said. “This year’s grants will fund feasibility studies covering a wide range of economic development projects that have the potential to create, develop, diversify and strengthen tribal economies for their recipients.”

NABDI awards fund feasibility studies that weigh the viability and risks of an economic development project, opportunity, enterprise, or business or the practicality of a technology a tribe may choose to pursue. The studies may be used to determine the likelihood of success for businesses in specific American Indian and Alaska Native communities.

When performed by a reputable third party, an economic development feasibility study also can be used to help persuade lenders and investors to provide financial backing. A study that concludes a project is worthwhile and financially sustainable can often fulfill many of the lender’s or investor’s due diligence requirements by answering questions about a project’s chances of success, resulting in a more rapid loan approval or better loan terms. Feasibility studies can also be used to examine the credibility of a project promoter and claims made regarding a specific project.

Grants are awarded on the basis of a proposal’s potential to create jobs for tribal members and stimulate economies in Native American communities. During this year’s NABDI funding cycle, IEED received 50 proposal requests totaling $2,423,687.

The grant recipients and award amounts announced today are:

• Aleut Community of St. Paul Island, Alaska: $45,398 to study the feasibility of methods to attract visitation, modern accommodations, attractions, and food service facilities required to develop a local tourism industry.
• Angoon Community Association, Alaska: $38,650 to study the feasibility of developing a local cultural tourism industry.
• Catawba Indian Nation, South Carolina: $35,000 to study the feasibility of developing a strategically located parcel of land that offers the potential for an industrial park and manufacturing hub that will foster tribal enterprises and attract investment.
• Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Nevada and Utah: $46,500 for a reservation-wide economic development plan that will provide a comprehensive review and particular emphasis on planning broad-range commercial business opportunities for the tribe.
• Elk Valley Rancheria, California: $20,000 for a feasibility study to provide market information for developing a gas station and grocery store.
• Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin: $20,000 for a study on the economic profitability of repurposing organic waste from the tribe’s Milwaukee biomass facility into an organic soil additive or fertilizer.
• Hydaburg Cooperative Association, Alaska: $30,000 to study the feasibility of a combined community café and laundromat facility upon which to build the infrastructure needed to support a sustainable and diversified local economy.
• Lower Brule Sioux Tribe, South Dakota: $40,000 to study the feasibility of marketing bulk popcorn and edible beans to category buyers in the domestic and foreign markets.
• Paiute-Shoshone Tribe of the Fallon Reservation and Colony, Nevada: $39,175 for a reservation-wide economic development plan that will bring together tribal government and private sectors to identify, prioritize and leverage funding to construct new business ventures on the reservation. • Seneca Nation of Indians, New York: $15,000 for a feasibility study to assess potential benefits the Salamanca Railroad Museum is planning to institute, and to guide the tribe on partnering with the museum on tourism and related projects.
• Stockbridge Munsee Community, Wisconsin: $40,617 for a feasibility study to explore value-added agricultural opportunities on agricultural land the Community owns.
• Yavapai-Apache Nation, Arizona: $29,660 for a feasibility study to determine the financial viability of developing an RV park and tourist-based commercial development at the tribe’s Cloverleaf Ranch.

The Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs oversees the Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development, which implements the Indian Energy Resource Development Program under Title V of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. IEED’s mission is to foster stronger American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities by helping federally recognized tribes develop their renewable and nonrenewable energy and mineral resources; increasing access to capital for tribal and individual American Indian- and Alaska Native-owned businesses; assisting tribes in building the legal infrastructure necessary for their economic progress; and enabling tribally and individual AI/AN-owned businesses to take advantage of government and private sector procurement opportunities.

Visit the Indian Affairs website for more information about IEED programs and services

The following statement was issued today by Ralph E. Erickson, Special Assistant to the Attorney General:

I returned to Washington late last night expressly to give a first-hand report to officials of the Department of Interior on the current situation at Wounded Knee. A meeting was held this morning at the Department of Justice. In attendance were John C. Whitaker, Under Secretary of the Interior, Marvin L. Franklin, Assistant to the Secretary for Indian Affairs, and William Rogers, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Public Land Management, in addition to representatives from the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other offices in the Department of Justice. Secretary Morton has been fully briefed.

The briefing included details of Department of Justice operations at Wounded Knee. But, I also identified for Interior officials what I think to be some major problems for their consideration, particularly, local law enforcement capabilities and government on Indian reservations such as Pine Ridge.

On Wednesday, March 7, 1973, I issued a statement in which I said the Justice Department and the Interior Department had come as far as we could in negotiations with those who unlawfully occupy Wounded Knee. I also extended our offer of free passage for nonresident Indians through road blocks without fear of arrest. Approximately 42 women and children who live in Wounded Knee left yesterday in response to my request. Several more left the village today.

But AIM leaders continue to defy our repeated requests to leave Wounded Knee so that order can be restored.

Under the circumstances, the offer I made Sunday, March 4 -- five full days ago -- is terminated as of this moment. Hereafter, any non-residents attempting to leave under any circumstances will be subject to immediate arrest on federal charges.

As I said before, evidence concerning the violations of federal law which took place and subsequent violations will be presented to a grand jury which will convene on Monday, March 12, 1973.

We will make every effort to arrive at a peaceful conclusion to this matter. But, we must enforce the law, and that we will do.

In response to my statement, further negotiations have been initiated by the attorneys for residents of the Wounded Knee district.

These negotiations have resulted in a request that Marvin Franklin agree to listen to the grievances of the Wounded Knee district residents in Pine Ridge within 24 hours of the peaceful departure of the non-residents in the Wounded Knee area. Mr. Franklin has agreed to meet with the residents according to the condition stated above.

I call upon the non-residents in Wounded Knee, especially the AIM leaders, to come to their senses, to think of the innocent people involved and lay down their arms and come out during daylight hours. They will be arrested but no one will be hurt.

It would appear that the origins of our State names would be well-established facts; however, when an attempt is made to trace these origins, they are found to be quite elusive and controversial. In most instances, loose translations are offered as an explanation for the meaning of the original word; this is especially true for State names of Indian origin. Some of the following information is quoted, and some is a composite of ideas and opinions expressed by several authorities. Among the authorities from which parts of the material were gathered are State historical societies, the Bureau of American Ethnology, college and university departments of history, and individual researchers.

A State that many have never heard of -the State of Franklin was named for Benjamin Franklin. In 1784, Franklin was a part of North Carolina's western territory, a part of the grant of Charles II. It broke away from the original territory and elected a legislature' and a governor. For about three years, the two factions were nearly at war. Congress was petitioned by the newly formed State and asked for recognition, but this was not granted. Franklin was ceded to the Federal government in 1790, became the State of Tennessee in 1796, and was admitted to the Union.

Following are the 50 States' names, listed alphabetically, with brief explanations of their origins:

ALABAMA: From an Indian tribe of the Creek Confederacy originally called the Alabamas or Alibamons, who in turn gave the name to a river from which the State name was derived.

ALASKA: From Eskimo word "alakshak”, meaning peninsula; also said to mean "great lands."

ARIZONA: Many authorities attribute the meaning to a word meaning arid zone or desert. Others claim the name is Aztec, from "arizuma" meaning "silver bearing." Still another version: attributes the origin to the Papagos tribe of the Southwest, wruc named it from the locality in which they lived called Arizonac, meaning "site of the small springs" (lack of water). This place was near the present town of Nogales, and in the early 1700's, silver ..was discovered near here, which gives some credence to the Aztec word "arizuma."

ARKANSAS.: Origin uncertain. As usual with words of Indian origin, there are various spellings for this State name, among them Alkansia, Alkansas, and Akamsea. The word, according to some, is of Algonquin origin, and the meaning is unknown. Others say that Arkansas is a French version of "Kansas, a Sioux Indian name for “south wind people.”

CALIFORNIA: Generally agreed that Cortez first applied the name, the origin is traced to the name of an imaginary island in an old Spanish romance written by Montalvo in 1510. The island is described as an earthly paradise, abundant with gold and precious gems.

COLORADO: Presumably named from the river bearing the name, although only tributaries flow through the State. Other theories are that it might have come from the Spanish word meaning "rad" or "ruddy," describing the color of the stream in various places or the red earth found in some areas.

CONNECTICUT: Appears to be a derivation of the Indian word "Quonoktacut" (also Quonecktacut) , interpreted by some to mean "river whose water is driven in waves by tides O:c:" winds." Other interpretations include "long river," "the long ({without end) river," and "long river place."

DELAWARE: Named for Lord De La Warr, first governor and captain-general of Virginia, who in 1630 explored the bay and river area where his name was first applied.

FLORIDA: In 1513, Ponce de Leon landed here on Easter Sunday, the Spanish Pascua de Flores, meaning "Feast of Flowers," for which the State is named.

GEORGIA.: Named by and for King George II of England. The colony bore this name in the charter granted by the king to General James Oglethorpe, colonial administrator, in 1732.

HAWAII: English spelling of Owhyhee, possibly from a native word meaning "homeland.”

IDAHO: Origin uncertain. Some claim it to sterol from an Indian word of unknown meaning, while others claim the mean1img "gem of the mountains," which properly describes the State especially because Indian translations quite often referred to natural features of surrounding country. Another claim is the Shoshone translation of "Edah hoe," or "light on the mountains."

ILLINOIS: From the Illini Indian word meaning "men" or "warriors,” supplemented by the French adjective ending "ois..”

INDIANA: Presumably named from the fact that the land lying along the Ohio River was purchased from the Indians. Others claim it was named for the Indian tribes who settled in western Pennsylvania.

IOWA: From an Indian tribe, "Ah-hee-oo-ba," meaning "sleepy ones" or "drowsy ones." They lived in the valley of the State's principal river, which they named for their tribe; and, in turn, the name was applied to the State.

KANSAS: Named for the Kansas or Kanza tribe of the Sioux family that lived along a river in the area and gave it the tribal name. The name translates as "south wind people," or "wind people."

KENTUCKY: Origin and meaning controversial. Pioneer George Rogers Clark claimed the name was derived from the Indian word "Kentake," meaning "meadow land." The claim is also made that it stems from the Shawnee word meaning "at the head of a river" inasmuch as they used the Kentucky River in traveling throughout the area. It is also claimed to stem from the Wyandot word "Ken-tah-ten," meaning "land of tomorrow."

LOUISIANA: Named in honor of Louis XIV of France. First used in 1683 by the French explorer, Rene Robert Cavelier de La Salle, and was applied to the territory- encompassing the drainage basin of the Mississippi and its tributaries.

MAINE: Two versions: One is that it was so called by early explorers after the private estate of Henrietta Maria in Maine, a French province; the other attributes it to fishermen of the islands along the coast who referred to it as the main or mainland, often spelled "Maynland" in some early documents. In a grant to Sir Fernando Gorges by Charles I in 1639, it is referred to as “the province or county of Mayne.“

MARYLAND: Named for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I of England.

MASSACHUSETTS: First of the States to have an Indian name. From the Algonquin word "Massadchu-es-et," meaning "great-hill-small-place,” possibly for the hills around Boston as seen from the bay."

MICHIGAN.: From Algonquin word "Mishigamaw," meaning “big lake” or “great water,” deriving its name from the lake of the same name. Also said to be from "Michi" meaning "great" and "Gama" meaning “water.”

MINNESOTA: From Sioux word meaning "cloudy water" or “sky-tinted water,” deriving its name from the river of the same name.

MISSISSIPPI: Meaning "great river" or "gathering-in of all the waters," sometimes referred to as the "father of waters," indicating that the Indians were aware of the immensity of the river. First written by Tonti as "Michi Sepe.”

MISSOURI: An Indian tribal name denoting "muddy water” and named for the large river.

MONTANA: Controversial from the standpoint of whether the name is Spanish or Latin, but quite descriptive; it means “mountainous.”

NEBRASKA: From Sioux word describing the river from which the State gets its name, meaning "shallow water" or "broad water." Also said to be an Otos Indian word meaning "flat river," referring to the Platte River.

NEVADA: From the Spanish word meaning “snow-clad,” “snowy land,” or “snowy” - descriptive of the snow-clad mountains of the area.

NEW HAMPSHIRE: Named in 1629 by John Mason for the English county of Hampshire.

NEW JERSEY: Named for the Isle of Jersey off the coast of England by George Carteret, who settled in this area after receiving it in a grant from the Duke of York.

NEW MEXICO: Called "New Mexico" when the Mexicans referred to the territory north and west of the Rio Grande in the 16th century. May have been derived from the name of the Aztec war god, "Mexitli" still another interpretation is that it means "habitation of the god of war.”

NEW YORK: Originally called New Netherlands, but changed in 1664 when taken over by the English and named in honor of the Duke of York.

NORTH CAROLINA: In the early 1600's, the area was referred to in some English papers as Carolina and was thought to be named for Charles I of England. Later, about 1663, the name Carolina was definitely applied by those who had received a grant to the land from Charles II, and so it was named in his honor.

NORTH DAKOTA: From Indian name meaning "allies. "' Indian form is - Lakota, Nakota, Lahkota, or Dakota, depending on dialect. "Allies" was used to signify the common name of the confederated Sioux tribes.

OHIO: Iroquois Indian word meaning the river of the same name. "beautiful river," taken from the river of the same name.

OKLAHOMA: Choctaw Indian word meaning “red people."

OREGON: One theory is that the name is derived from "origanum," a species of wild sage which grows abundantly on the coast of Oregon; another, that it stems from the Spanish "Oregones," which referred to the Indian tribes inhabiting the region and meant "big-eared men." Joaquin Miller, poet of the Sierras" gave another version - that the name came from the Spanish "alura agua" meaning "gently falling waters."

PENNSYLVANIA: This is the only State in the Union named for its founder, William Penn, who wanted to call it "Sylvania" because of the extensive forest areas.

RHODE ISLAND: Originally called "Roode Eylandt'" by the Dutch Navigator Adrian Block (for whom Block Island was named), presumably from the redness of the clay in the area along the shore. Name was later anglicized to Rhode Island. Also said to have been named from the Island of Rhodes in the Mediterranean, but several historians give this little or no support.

SOUTH CAROLINA: Named for Charles II of England, the same as its sister State, North Carolina. (See North Carolina.)

SOUTH DAKOTA: From Sioux Indian name meaning “allies.” (See North Dakota.)

TENNESSEE: Name is of Cherokee origin from a tribe located at a village site called Tanasse (also spelled Tennese). The State is named for its principal river, which has been interpreted as meaning "bend in the river." However, this has not been substantiated, and the meaning is considered to be lost.

TEXAS.: The generally accepted version is that the name is an Indian word "tejas," meaning "friends" or "allies."

UTAH: Name taken from the Ute Indians who inhabited that region, but origin of the word is unknown.

VERMONT: Named by Samuel de Champlain (the famous lake's namesake) for the Green Mountains (Vert Mont), a range which is one of the outstanding features in the State.

VIRGINIA: Named by Sir Walter Raleigh for Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England.

WASHINGTON: May be said to have a truly American name - named for George Washington, "The Father of our Country." When the bill creating the Territory of Columbia was introduced in the 32nd Congress, the name was changed to Washington because of the existence of the District of Columbia.

WEST VIRGINIA: Originally a part of Virginia. When the western counties left Virginia (rejecting secession), they retained a portion of the original name. It was suggested that it be named "Kanawha," an Indian name and the name of one of its principal rivers, but this was not adopted.

WISCONSIN: From an Indian name whose meaning is uncertain. Named after its principal river and said to mean "wild rushing channel;" also refers to "holes in the banks of a stream in which birds nest." Spelled Ouisconsin and Misconsing by early chroniclers.

WYOMING.: Name has more than one meaning as interpreted by different authorities. One meaning is "extensive plains" (from the Delaware or Leni-Lenape word "maugh-wau-wama"). Another interpretation suggests that the name means "mountains with valleys alternating."

What is the status of follow-up actions at Wounded Knee?

Substantial losses were suffered by Indian residents of Wom1ded Knee during the 71-day occupation of the village.

Restoration efforts by the Bureau of Indian Affairs include:

1. Emergency housing for 20 Indian families and financing assistance for 56 Indian families.
2. Repair of 17 Indian homes.
3. Replacement of seven houses and six mobile homes.
4. Replacement of substantial quantities of hare furnishings, utensils, and appliances.
5. Replacement of one bridge and repair of four miles of highway. The cost of direct restoration work by BIA totals $375,000 exclusive.

In addition, the Oglala Sioux housing authority with emergency funds from HUD, is repairing damages to 12 public housing limits in the village. Legislation has been introduced to compensate non-Indian residents and ranchers for loss of crops, cattle, and personal possessions. Senators McGovern, and Curtis have introduced an amendment to a Small Business Act (S.1846) which would make restitution.

Since Wounded Knee what has been done about law enforcement training for Indians?

A total evaluation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs law enforcement program is now underway, on a priority basis.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is now preparing a request for an amendment to the 1974 budget that will ask for more money for law enforcement efforts. If this amendment is passed, it will give the Bureau $9,827,000 more money to 'Work with in the area of judicial prevention and law enforcement than it had in 1973 (fiscal year).

Additional money for this same work will be requested for fiscal year 1975 and 1976.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is now developing a nationwide crowd control unit of 50 Indians. These are a highly select group trained by the Department of Justice to handle emergency situations. They are highly selected, all Indians, and are taken from various BIA police units on various reservations. They will be on call much as are the Indian firefighting units.

Police training has been made mandatory for all Federal officers on Indian reservations. In addition, police training is available for all police who are employed by Indian tribes on a priority basis, through the BIA Police Academy, Brigham City, Utah.

Status of prosecutions at Wounded Knee?

­­ The Department of Justice has 91 indictments covering 117 defendants and the FBI is still investigating.

No firm trial dates have been arrived at by the U.S. District Court for the District of South Dakota, headquarters at Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the court which has jurisdiction. The lawyers for those indicted have presented a notion for a change of venue (a change as to where the trial will be held) because of pretrial publicity.

Justice says the lawyers for the defendants contend they cannot get a fair trial in North, South

Dakota, or Nebraska and would like the trial moved to say, New York City. A change of venue generally means merely a change to an adjoining district but the longest distance in Justice Records has been £ran Boston to San Francisco. AIM leaders Banks, Means, Bullecourt, Camp, Bissonette, and others have been indicted for burglary, larceny, impeding Federal officers during a civil disorder, conspiracy, assaulting a Federal officer, and possession of unregistered firearms. Penalties for each go up to five years.

Two hundred and eighty-seven persons were arrested in connection with the occupation of Wounded Knee, and most were charged with interfering with law enforcement officers in the performance of their duty because of a civil disorder. This has to do with interstate commerce and is according to U.S. Code 18, Sec. 231. Fifty-two charges were dropped even before the people were brought before a magistrate. Two hundred thirty-five people have appeared before the Federal magistrate.

What is the status of pyramid lake situation?

On September 22, 1972, the Solicitor General filed an original complaint in the Supreme Court on behalf of the United States against the states of Nevada and California. In its complaint the U.S. Government asked that a: "decree be entered declaring the right of the United States for the benefit of the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians to the use of sufficient waters of the Truckee River to fulfill the purposes for which the Pyramid Lake Reservation was created, including the maintenance and preservation of Pyramid Lake and the maintenance of the lower reaches of the Truckee River as a natural spawning ground for fish and other purposes beneficial to and satisfying such use to be with a priority of November 29, 1859."

On June 11, 1973, the Supreme Court declined to hear United States of America v. States of Nevada and California. The Supreme Court suggested that a suit be filed in a local district court in Nevada. On June 20, 1973, the Interior Department requested the Justice Department to file a suit in the Nevada district court and, if necessary, also in the California district court to assert the same rights as presented to the Supreme Court.

The Justice Department has indicated that the suit will be filed within 60 days (by August 20th).

It is a great pleasure to be here and l am highly honored to address this first graduating class of reservation Police officers trained at Brigham City, which represents the beginning of a new era and a new chapter in Indian community self-awareness.

I bring greetings from Secretary of the Interior Morton and the regrets of the Assistant to the Secretary for Indian Affairs Marvin Franklin who could not accept your invitation because of pressing matters in Washington.

This graduation marks a milestone in the progress of Indian people towards self-determination.

As you begin your careers as professional law enforcement officers we hope you will take deep pride in the profession you have chosen. I use the word profession because it infers a career choice, rather than just a job. You, as graduate police officers, have a two-fold role. First, you are community servants. The role of the police is to keep people out of jail when possible but at the same time the officer must enforce the law fairly equitably.

Second, you are Indian police. You have been trained to deal with problems that do not ordinarily confront non-reservation law officers. Because all of you are Indians, you are deeply aware of the needs and problems facing the Indian communities. Because of this "inside knowledge," you are in a better position to offer alternatives.

You are special in other ways as well. You graduates were selected because you are capable of handling difficult situations. At the same time you are servants of the community, you are also important citizens in that community. Your role is to enforce the law in a straightforward way, without favoritism or arbitrary action. You were able to finish a rigorous training program. You are protectors of the people as well as enforcers of the law; one responsibility is just as important as the other.

Being a law enforcement officer is more than just going through a course of finalized instruction and then out to work an assigned beat. As with other professions, to be really top-notch, you must keep on top of what's happening in your career field. Part of being a professional is constant self­ education and, most important, self-awareness. This graduating class, and those that will follow, has been trained by specialists from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the United States. Marshall's Service, the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Tax Unit of the Treasury, and the Utah State Police.

However, the training does not with your graduation. Because of the need to professionalize Indian police- work, there is now under development a nationwide special Operations Service designed to tie together law enforcement groups on reservations into an efficient national body. Plans are under­way to make this Special Operations Service an elite, well-trained mobile response unit. As a part of this sweeping program of mandatory training, these reservation officers will have behind them additional staff help, the best of equipment, and funds for further continuous training.

These graduates are living proof of the realization of the policy of self-determination for American Indians outlined by President Nixon in his special message to Congress in 1970. The eyes of Indian people everywhere are on you; we hope that you, as Indian police officers, will continue to earn the pride of the people and Government you have to serve.

And finally, it is my pleasure to present to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Police Academy an American flag flown over the United States Capitol in your honor. It was secured through the help of Congressman Manuel Lujan, Jr., of Albuquerque the ranking minority member of the Subcommittee of the House of Representatives, Interior and Insular Affairs Committee, who sends his heartiest congratulations and best wishes for a most worthy career.

­­­ Appointment of Stanley D. Lyman, 60, Superintendent of the Pine Ridge Agency, Pine Ridge, S. Dak., since October 1971, to head the Indian Trust Protection Office of the Phoenix Area, Bureau of Indian Affairs, beginning November 11, was announced today by Marvin L. Franklin, Assistant to the

Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs. "Stanley Lyman has been of tremendous service to the Oglala Sioux Indians that live on the Pine Ridge Reservation," Franklin said. At Phoenix, he will head a new, key unit of the Bureau -- the Office of Trust Responsibility. This Office protects and helps administer the Indians' basic resource -- their lands. In this post, Lyman will work with the protective aspect of Federal Indian matters at the field level."

Lyman will be replaced at Pine Ridge by Albert W. Trimble, 45, an Oglala Sioux, who has been named Acting Superintendent at Pine Ridge effective November 11.

Lyman received his B.A. in 1936 from Yankton College, S. Dak., and his M.A. in 1944 from Colorado State University.

He began his government career with the Department of Agriculture in 1941 as an assistant rehabilitation supervisor at Pine Ridge, He then became a farm labor assistant and program supervisor for the Department of Agriculture at Belle Fourche, S. Dak., returning to Pine Ridge in 1952 to join the Bureau of Indian Affairs as a placement officer.

He became placement and relocation officer at the Aberdeen Area Office, Aberdeen; S. Dak., in 1953 and a field relocation officer at Denver in 1954. He moved from Denver to Chicago to become a supervisory relocation officer in 1958 and was named Superintendent of the Fort Peck Agency in 1962 and the Uintah and Ouray Agency in 1967. He is married and the father of a son and a daughter.

''We feel fortunate that the Bureau of Indian Affairs has a man with Trimble's qualifications to assume the Pine Ridge post," Franklin said. ''He has served the Bureau and Indian people for 17 years on two different Indian reservations and in three major cities. In addition, he is intimately familiar with the Pine Ridge Reservation and its people. He returns to South Dakota from a top Washington, D.C., administrative position."

Trimble served in the United States Army for three years, following which he was graduated from Haskell Institute at Lawrence, Kans., now Haskell Indian Junior College.

He began his career with the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the Northern Idaho Agency at Lapwai, Idaho, in 1956. He assumed progressively more responsible jobs with the agency until 1962, when he moved to Los Angeles with the Field Employment Assistance Office there. He became Superintendent of the Rocky Boy's Agency, Box Elder, Mont., in 1967, a post he held until October 1970, when he moved to the Oakland, Calif., area to serve as Field Employment Assistance Officer.

He became Chief of the Division of Employment Assistance for the Bureau of Indian Affairs with offices in Washington, D.C., in 1972.

He is married to Mary Anne Trimble, a member of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. They have seven children.

Mr. Chairman, Governor O'Callaghan, distinguished guests, ladies and Gentlemen:

It is an honor to respond to your invitation to be here for the Third Annual State Indian Conference. I congratulate our hosts, the

A Nevada Indian Affairs Commission, for this event, and I congratulate

Governor O’Callaghan for his sponsorship of this conference. I am aware of the reputation of this Commission for your fine record of accomplishment in behalf of Indian progress in your state. In my opinion, much that you have done stands as a model for other states with substantial Indian populations.

I bring you the warmest greetings of my immediate superior, Secretary of the Interior Rogers C. B. Morton, and assure you of his concern and dedication to our common task of serving the Indian communities of our nation, we in the Bureau of Indian Affairs and you in your State Commission.

As you leaders in Indian affairs in Nevada are aware, I was asked by the Secretary to come to Washington in February of this year to assist him with the BIA. It had suffered an unprecedented amount of disarray--the Commissioner had been dismissed, the top echelon of management had resigned, the Washington office had fallen victim to a militant takeover with records stolen and destroyed. Field offices and Indian schools had come upon uneasy times and tribal government had the series experience of being threatened. The general public, and to some extent, the federal government, was not only confused but demanded affirmative action. The accident at Wounded Knee had its roots take over in the fall of last year and bloomed into a conference at about the same time I arrived on the Washington scene.

I realize, as you do all, that there were many injustices heaped upon the Indian tribes and people in years gone by, as settlers of the dominant white race, eager for land and natural resources, steadily pushed westward and relentlessly crowded the original people out of the way. And some people, no friends of true Indian progress, would like to pretend nothing has changed. In my office I saw a film recently, produced by Encyclopedia Britannica – supposedly a reputable firm intended as “educational material” for school children all over America. This film harped back to the old days of Indian wars, the trail of tears, and the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890. The clear intent of the film is to imply that such harsh and unjust treatment of the Indians is still the policy of the white race, backed by the government.

Nothing in the film gives credit to the constructive work of Education, welfare, employment housing, and countless other programs for assistance and helpfulness which you and your associate and which my associates and I are extending to our Indian fellow citizens. Nothing was said or shown in the film about the attempts to correct the Injustice has in The Taking of Indian lands by restitution through the Indian Claims Commission.

This is the sort of thing being sponsored by those who desire to rule or ruin the BIA I venture to say that some of them desire also to intrude upon the good work you in this state commission or doing they do not have the welfare of the Indians their heart but only their own selfish interests.

In contrast there are millions of people in this country of ours of all Races who appreciate our efforts in behalf of this Noble minority of original Americans I feel that you and I and our associate need to inform them and the public-at-large more fully as to how essential our efforts are to Indian progress.

I appreciate the time you have given me on this program this evening but it gives me the opportunity to discuss the team the Bureau of Indian Affairs an Indian resource.

It is certain that all of you here all dedicated as you ought to assisting in the continuing advancement of our Indian people know very well the relationship of the Bureau of Indian Affairs to the reservation Indians as well as the relationship of the BIA to such public-spirited organizations as your own in the state have ever let me consider with you several ways by which the BIA is actually in wide area resource for the American Indians in this Of considerable change and adjustment.

With this in mind what can I say after the Bureau of Indian Affairs being a true asset to the reservation Indians?

First: traditionally from the time it was established the Bureau of Indian Affairs has stood staunchly as an abiding protection for the rights of Indian people from the time when the Indians were conquered people Through the years when they were closely confined to reservations under a paternalistic system of support by the “great white father” and an egg into the modern day when they are full citizens of the United States with all the political and civil rights enjoyed by citizens of all other ethnic Origins, the BIA has carried the responsibility of protection and assistance to all Indians on land held in trust by the federal government.

The BIA must never lose sight of the fact that its fundamental duty is to the reservation Indians. I realized as you do that there are would be Indian leaders who are not a part of reservation life who would like to cripple or even abolish the US Bureau of Indian Affairs.

And such people are asked who would take over its duties they answer “we would”. When pressed for a better answer some of these militants declare that they would not only abolish the beautiful but also do away with the duly elected Chiefs and tribal councils. These are the same types of urban Indians who contend that all the old treaties must be revived and enforced exactly as originally written such as Sioux Treaty of 1868 even though those treaties have been modified time and again by acts of Congress generally for the benefit of the Indian people themselves.

They live and work if we can do so compatible with our primary duty but the federal government's fundamental responsibility has been is now and in the future must be for the reservation Indians.

Second the Bureau of Indian Affairs is the Indians great resource in establishing the groundwork for their future progress and development in this connection at the outside of my work with the Bia I stated there were four things I deemed important to keep abreast of the needs of reservation Indians.

1. An Amendment to the US Constitution or specific legislation by Congress that lays to rest once and for all the matter of termination of federal Services by the unilateral action of any branch of government.
2. A better opportunity for participation in the financial resources of our country this can be done in three ways and improve the budget process the use of Revenue Bond financing for physical Improvement and a national banking system for the Indian Community.
3. A massive Indian Reservation renewal act that would provide $250 million each year for 10 years to bring not only needed improvements in the reservation properties but simultaneously eliminate unemployment and within the 10-year. Gross national product for each reservation Area today the federal Dollar by merely passes through the reservation without the benefit of being turned over to generate a local economy.
4. A complete study of all laws rules regulations codes and manuals that affect the federal relationship to the American Indian.

In the third place the Bureau of Indian Affairs is a definite resource for American Indians because it encourages tribes to participate in existing programs to ensure their own tribe of priorities this includes increased assistance to the Indian people for employment in their own communities protection of their resources with the highest priority given to Land Titles, boundaries and water rides better roads on their reservations and increase tribal control of their education.

Each of these is a major item in the policy of the BIA to move the Indian people rapidly toward self-government and I am glad to say each is succeeding in its purpose all of these goals are in direct support of the policy announced by President Nixon in a message to Congress in July 1978 policy of Greater “self-determination” which I prefer to call “self-government” at the private level.

Though the cooperation of the BIA, Congress and the many other agencies of our government programs is being made in protecting the rights of Indian tribes and individuals and in providing and seeking opportunities for advancement on the reservations I cite these examples.

An American Indian national bank owned by the Indian Community has been formed and will become operative this fall it is headquartered in Washington with full access to the financial circles of the community.

The justice department has activated a civil rights division for the exclusive protection of the American Indian in his constitutional and tribal privileges. A bill has been introduced into the Senate to establish a commission to study and recommend revision of the laws governing the relationship of the federal government to the Indian.

Tribal governments are now more active in exercising the prerogative of a sovereignty and revising their constitutions to become responsive to the needs of their constituents.

Indian schools are not supervised by school boards with Indian parents serving as members to ensure responsive education for the Indian youth.

Some schools are being contractor to Indian Organization for total operation of the educational system.

Industrial program for the reservations is going steadily forward since its beginning in 1957, the program has enlisted the corporation of about 250 business firms which have come out to the Indian areas with new or branch plans to employ Indian workers. In addition, scores of Industries have been set up, entirely owned and operated by Indians adding still greater opportunities for steady payroll jobs.

This program has had the cooperation of State Indian commissions such as yours here in Nevada, wherever there are substantial Indian populations in this field I speak with experience for as many of you know in 1965 I Was Made director of “Cooperative projects” for the company of which I was an employee in Oklahoma in this test I work with government and Industry to create jobs for disadvantaged people particularly Indians. I helped establish some 75 separate Indian owned and operated companies in several States. It was an experience that convinced me that Indians given proper training can hold their own in the modern American economy I hope and expect that in the future we may have even greater cooperation between the BIA and the State Indian commissions.

Having been the head of Indian tribe for many years and knowing firsthand the frustrations of the American Indian, it is not difficult for me to have a feeling of compassion and understanding for all factions the Indians government and the general public although many inequities have befallen the American Indian, all tribes, individuals and organizations seek the same things equality of opportunity and Justice none can afford the luxury of division of thought or purpose.

It is my hope and purpose that we may all work together weather in state or federal government to present a unified front for true progress for our Indian citizens for individuals and families for tribes and their communities needless to say we still have a long way to go but the probability for success looks brighter every day I wish for you my fellow Associates in a noble cause every success in your programs and activities and I hope to be in a position to help in any way I can.

May I conclude by quoting with my hearty agreement the words of Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B. Morton.

My great hope for the Indian is for the feelings he has about himself. my prayer is that soon he will sit at his table and in truth be thankful for the bounties of this land is land our land I want his heart to swell with pride that is an American and that for him there is an American Dream. He must be comfortable in his Heritage and proud of his ancestry I pray that he will feel himself a part of the spirit and strength of America.

In that sentiment I know you will join with me.

More authority for the Johnson-O' Malley program -- by which American Indians in public schools get special help from the Bureau of Indian Affairs -- may be placed in the hands of Johnson-O' Malley parent committees that must approve special need programs for eligible Indians submitted by public school districts, Morris Thompson, Commissioner of Indian Affairs indicated today.

In addition, regulations governing the public school assistance program of the Bureau of Indian Affairs may be changed to insure that more attention is given to expenditure of these funds solely for the education of Indian students

These two changes in the Bureau of Indian Affairs Johnson-O'Malley program may come about as the result of a proposed change in Title 25, Code of Federal Regulations, Indians, 33. Notice of the proposed revision was published in the Federal Register of January 14, 1974.

Those interested may submit written comments, suggestions, or objections regarding the proposed revision to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Attention: Director of Indian Education Programs, Washington, D.C. 20245 within 30 days after the date of publication of the notice.

''These regulations are proposed to make certain that money the Congress intends to go to Indian students goes to those students, and that programs are tailored to the needs of the Indian young people in the public school district, said Thompson.

An Indian, for purposes of the Act, is a member of a tribe, band, or other organized group of Indians, including Alaska Natives, which is recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as being eligible for Federal services. Contracts may be entered into under the provisions of the Johnson-O'Malley Act for the education of Indian children of 1/4 or more degree Indian blood, unless excepted by law, in grades kindergarten through 12.

Monies appropriated by the Congress for such purposes can be expended only in eligible public school districts containing large tracts of non-taxable Indian-owned land and educating large numbers of eligible Indian children, as compared to the total school population.

The contracts may authorize payments for educational programs in two categories:

(a.)In support of the basic school program offered to all students, to meet educational standards established within the State, only if authorized by the Education Plan, and only if a school district's financial need is proven, after consideration of all income, including income from P. L. 874, 81st Congress (64 Stat. 1100) as amended; and

(b.)In payment for the costs of providing supplemental programs to meet the specialized needs of Indian students, as determined by the Indian Advisory School Board, which may result from the financial status of the parents, or from cultural and language differences, and where such programs are necessary so that Indian students can benefit from the basic educational programs equally with non-Indian students.

Program operations conducted through contracts under this part must be conducted for the primary benefit of eligible Indian students enrolled in eligible public school districts.

To become eligible to administer the contract funds, the contractor shall formulate an operational plan for distribution of contract funds, and this plan shall become a part of the contract.

Contracts must specify that there will be no discrimination against Indians or schools enrolling such Indians. The school district serving Indian students shall provide educational programs required by established State standards.

Commissioner of Indian Affairs Morris Thompson today announced his first two executive appointments since he took office December 3 --both Indian, one a woman. The woman is Mrs. Shirley Plume, an Oglala Sioux, who will be Superintendent of the Standing Rock Agency, Fort Yates, North Dakota. She is the first Indian woman appointed to such a post. The second executive appointment is Frank Self, Choctaw, who will be Superintendent of the Phoenix Indian School, Phoenix, Arizona.

Other similar appointments to key Bureau of Indian Affairs posts will be forthcoming soon, Thompson said.

Mrs. Plume's career embraces 30 years in the Bureau, including posts in North and South Dakota and Oklahoma. She received a Superior Performance Award of the Department of the Interior in 1958, and a commendation from the United Sioux Tribes as a result of her work in connection with establishment of its training center.

Miss Wilma Victor, Department of the Interior Federal Women's Program Coordinator and herself a Choctaw Indian said, when notified by Commissioner Thompson of Mrs. Plume's appointment: "I am most gratified to hear that one of the first appointments of the Commissioner is that of a woman. She is an Indian and career employee. Of further significance is that this position is one of so much responsibility."

Mrs. Plume was graduated from St. Francis Mission High School, Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota, and Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas, a Bureau of Indian Affairs two-year business school that has become Haskell Indian Junior College. She has attended North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, and has had extensive management training thrown Department of the Interior programs.

She began her career within the Bureau at Pine Ridge Agency, Pine Ridge, South Dakota, as a clerk and served in the same capacity at Shawnee, Western Oklahoma, and Fort Sill Agencies, Oklahoma, and at the Anadarko Area Office, Oklahoma. In 1957 she was named relocation assistant at Pine Ridge.

She entered a junior intern trainee program at the Aberdeen Area Office, Aberdeen, South Dakota in 1960 and remained in it for one year. She was made Employment Assistance Officer at Standing Rock Agency in 1969, and has served as Acting Superintendent there since August 1973.

Mrs. Plume is married to Paul Plume, also an Oglala Sioux, who retired last year after 30 years with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Mr. and Mrs. Plume are the parents of two sons and two daughters.

Frank Self attended Goodland Indian School, Goodland, Oklahoma and Haskell Institute, Lawrence Kansas. He received his Bachelors degree from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma in 1949, and his Masters degree in 1951. He attended Yale University for one year while in military service.

Self has had approximately 14 years of professional experience in school administration. He has been Acting Superintendent, Chilocco Indian School, Chilocco, Oklahoma; principal, Sherman Indian High School, Riverside, California; head, Boys Guidance Department, Phoenix Indian School, Phoenix, Arizona.

In addition he has been Chief, Training Division, United States Attache System -- responsible for training approximately 1,000 military personnel for diplomatic duty in Foreign Nations, but also responsible for 22 Federal schools overseas, Base Training Officer; Yokota Air Base, Japan, and Head of Education Division, United States Air Force Aerospace Program, Grinnell College, Grinnell, Iowa.

He has served in the United States Army, Navy, and Air Force -- from which he retired as a Major.

Self is married to the former Delores Webber of Oklahoma City, Mr. and Mrs. Self are the parents of two daughters and a son.

It is with a great deal of pleasure that I take this opportunity to address the 30th annual convention of the national congress of American Indians.

You have dedicated your convention and its efforts to the goal of restoration of the Menominee tribe to federal recognition and trust status and have adopted as your theme “Restoration now”.

It is entirely fitting that this organization, NCAI, meets on the eve of restoration of the Menominee’s to celebrate the passage by the house of representatives of restoration legislation and to continue support for the completion of that effort by final enactment into law of that legislation.

NCAI was formed in 1944 when the federal policy had just begun to move away from the first era of Indian self-determination under the Roosevelt administration toward the disaster and trauma of the termination area.

NCA was formed in part of because of a growing awareness among the Indian people that this unhealthy trend in national Indian policy would require a strong united Indian front to counter it.

NGAI grew to maturity in the stormy years of early 2550 when termination descended upon the Indian world with a vengeance.

The Indian people have not easily forgotten the description of those years.

The wreckage of that disastrous Indian policy and the termination language is still with us today.

Phrases, such as “House concurrent resolution 108” and “Public law 230”, still have a force and power to cause deep concern and fear among Indian people.

By legislative that, scores of Indian tribes and groups have been forcibly, though too successfully, assimilated into the “mainstream” of American life.

When the true magnitude and scope of the catastrophe of termination became apparent to the Indian people, they rose up in strong opposition to its continuance as this nation’s Indian policy.

It was largely due to the efforts of the Indian tribes, united in the national congress of American Indians, that the often uninformed, sometimes malicious drive from termination was blunted in the late 1950 and early 1960s and is, today, on the verge of total, unqualified repudiation.

There are none who can deny that this major shift in national Indian policy represents a major victory for Indian people.

But that victory for the Indian people and an aroused national public was not without its costs.

Not costs merely in terms of dollars and cents, but costs in human misery, cultural alienation, and tribal destruction.

By the time the active phase of the termination era had run its course, seven major tribes on Oklahoma, Oregon, Wisconsin, Nebraska, South Carolina, and Utah had been terminated. As the architect of termination, Senator Watkins, put it, they had been made “first class” citizens.

President Johnson began his message to the congress on Indian affairs with a recital of the names of Indian tribes, most which now only have meaning as postscripts in the history books or as quaint names of rivers and towns which dot the eastern seaboard.

This was the legacy of a much earlier termination era. Unfortunately, that may well be the legacy of this most recent termination era: once honored and proud Indian tribes. The Klamath and Kathlamet of Oregon, the Ottawa of Oklahoma, the Catawba of South Carolina, and the Alabama-Coushatta of Texas. To be remembered only as postscripts in our children’s history books or as the quaint names for rivers and towns dotting the western United States.

That perhaps, is the real tragedy of termination.

While we diligently passed laws to save from extinction the wild horses of Nevada and the black footed ferret of South Dakota, we calmly consigned to that same extinction. The Menominee of Wisconsin and the Klamath of Oregon.

While we purposely enacted legislation to protect the redwood of California and the historic ruins of Mesa Verde in Colorado, we knowingly contributed to the destruction of the pastures of Utah and the Ottawa of Oklahoma.

It is not wrong to preserve and protect the plant and wildlife of our nation but a whole race of people ought to have at least the same standing before the law as a tree or horse.

For some of these terminated tribes perhaps it is too late.

Perhaps they have been pushed too far down the road of historical oblivion.

But for the Menominee, it is not too late.

I take personal satisfaction in reporting to this assembly that it is not too late.

On October 16 of this year, the House of Representatives, by an overwhelming vote of 404 to 3, passed H.R. 10717 restoring the Menominee tribe to federal recognition and trust status.

It will not be necessary here to retell the story of the Menominee, the coerced tribal consent to termination. The ill-conceived, poorly implemented termination legislation. An economic and social plan which has brought the Menominee to the brink of collapse who recovered than the Indian people and leaders represented here today know that termination means.

But for the Menominee October 16 was the culmination of a long hard fought stricture and effort not without its frustration setbacks and despair.

While I am proud to have been a part of that effort many force and personalities combined to bring us to the immanency of success.

Foremost among these is of course my friend Ms. Ada Deer a unique personality and woman of in dominatable spirit.

Ada along with other Menominee such as Sylvia Wilbur Lloyd Powless and Shirley Daly, refused to accept defeat and never gave up hope there was after all justice within the system.

Ada and the Menominee were told last year that restoration was out of the question, that there was no hope for reversing termination.

Yet, look at what they have accomplished.

After intensive work on the part of the Menominee, the department of Interior sent forward to the congress a report favoring enactment of restoration legislation.

At the request of Ms. Deer, Melvin Laird, former congressman and present counselor to the president, came out with a forthright statement of support for restoration.

53 members of the house of the representatives of both parties and every political philosophy were persuaded to co-sponsor the legislation which passed the house.

404 out of 435 members voted for its passage.

Prospects for its passage in the senate are very favorable.

Finally, President Nixon, in his message to this convention, urges enactment and assures its signing.

This is a record of which Ada, the Menominee, and all who gave their assistance and support can be proud.

When Vine Deloria testified before my subcommittee on the committee. He said a lot of us have advocated coming to congress presenting our case rather than going on the activist trail we very badly need an act by congress. Such as restoration of Menominee to see the activities that you can work through the system every day face a lot of people in the American Indian movement and other movement and (they) say what have you been able to do going through the system. You haven’t gotten anything done you had your chance so we are taking over.

­While we Menominee are not yet finally restored I would like to point out what they make acceptable as proof that even in the face of despair and waiting hope. There is an alternative to violence and a hope for justice within the system.

You have taken “restoration now” as the theme of your organization.

I have tried to share with you the aptness of that theme as we move very close to the day when the theme, for the Menominee, becomes fact.

Had the phrase, “restoration now” had no meaning beyond the restoration of the Menominee, it would have been no less important.

But for my part, it had and will have a meaning and impact far beyond the Menominee.

For me, no other act of the congress will more clearly signal to the Indian people across the nation that termination is dead issue and a firmly renounced policy.

I am sure that you have adopted that theme in the same spirit.

The various discussion topics of your convention agenda evidences that your thoughts, while with the restoration of the Menominee, extend far beyond that to the restoration of the many rights and values that make up the Indian life.

It is like for a restoration of a true right of tribal self-government.

It is time to restore to the Indian people a strong, effective tribal government that can well serve the needs of the tribe as a whole protecting the individual rights of its members.

­­We in the congress are now aware of that need and demand as we move on legislations designed to facilitate that goal.

I have introduced H R 103 which will permit the tribes through contracting to as under control of programs offered for their benefit.

It’s time for restoration to the Indian people of the right to have the trustee the United States, truly and honestly rendered protection to their trust resource and assets.

My subcommittee has begun to move on the Indian counsel legislation on which the administration has submitted and which have introduced as H R 605.

The legislation submitted by the administration is admittedly inadequate in many respects but I am firmly convinced that the support and advice of the Indian people we can fashion legislation which will give substance to the legal and moral obligations of the United States as trustee.

It is time to restore to the Indian people the pride of self-sufficiency and the right to develop their own resources rather than leasing them out to outside interests.

My subcommittee has taken up the Indian financing legislation will increase the revolving loan fund of 9 million will create a new loan insurance and guaranty fund to support 100 million in private loans.

To Indians, and authorizes appropriations for an Indian business development fund at a level of $10 million for the next three fiscal years.

We have refined the legislation which has already passed the senate and will shortly be reporting the bill to the full committee for consideration.

It is time to restore to the Indian people the right to control the education of their children, whether it be in the public schools or in BIA schools.

This control must extend to what is taught, where it is taught, how it is taught, and buy whom it is taught.

Indian advisory committees are not enough.

Control must mean control of funds being made available for Indian education and control of the educational programs and curriculum.

It is with this firm conviction that I was the prime house sponsor of the legislation in the 2nd congress which became the Indian education act of 1972.

It is with the same conviction that I will seek to pass legislation in the coming year to bring about needed reform in the BIA educational program and system.

It’s time for the restoration to the Indian people of the right to have an effective administration of the programs and funds authorized by the congress for the benefit of the Indian.

The Indian people do not need a BIA that goes leaderless for nearly a year.

They do not need a BIA that operates in an atmosphere of confusion and chaos.

They do not need BIA that drifts aimlessly.

They do not need BIA that is the subject factionalism and power struggles among the bureaucrats and petty politicians.

It is still uncertain that the solution is for the reorganization or reform of the BIA and federal administration of Indian Affairs.

Whatever occurs must occur with the full, prior knowledge of the Indian people and with active consultation.

It is with that view I am giving active consideration to supporting legislation mandating a congressional review of the field of Indian affairs.

Senator Abourezk, chairman of the senate subcommittee of Indian Affairs, has introduced legislation in that regard which I have reviewed.

With some modification, it may well meet the requirements which I see necessary to bring about the end the Indian people have set.

And finally it is time long past time to restore to the Indian people the pride and dignity of being Indians.

The legislative program which I have outlined for you here today will do much to aid in that effort.

The continued efforts of the congressional leadership of which, for my part, I pledge you and the other friends of Indians both in and out of government will and in that efforts.

But in the final analysis, the restoration of Indian pride and dignity depends on the Indian people themselves.

It is through their efforts and accomplishments, working with the tools and resources available to them that Indian pride will be restored.

Who cannot be proud to identify with an Ada Deer whose will and determination has turned around the entire federal government on the question of Menominee termination.,

Who cannot be proud of a Vine Deloria whose well deserved respect among the Indians whose command of the printed word has brought about a renaissance in Indian thought and philosophy.

Who cannot be proud to identify with the Frank Degnans of Alaska upon whose quiet dignity and unassuming resolve was built the successful settlement of the Alaska Native claims.

It is upon the accomplishments of people such as these and the leadership gathered here today that the restoration of Indian pride and dignity depend.